French · Pronunciation Guide
lah TET — an open "eh" between two unaspirated "t"s, with the second one pronounced.
The phrase peaks on TÊTE, one syllable bracketed by two identical consonants. Both "t"s are unaspirated, which is what makes the word sound crisp rather than breathy.
Listen: la tête
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J'ai mal à la tête.
I have a headache.
Listen: J'ai mal à la tête.
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"J'ai mal à la tête" is the fixed construction for pain: "avoir mal à" plus the body part, with the definite article. French does not say "ma tête fait mal". The same pattern gives "j'ai mal au dos", "j'ai mal aux dents". "Mal" here is a noun meaning pain, and "à la" is required.
The circumflex makes learners lengthen the vowel dramatically; it is a short, flat open "eh". The "t"s also get aspirated, giving a breathy "tay-tuh". And the headache construction is the real trap: "j'ai un mal de tête" exists but sounds clinical, while "ma tête fait mal" is simply not French. Learn "j'ai mal à la tête" as a unit.