Hindi · Pronunciation Guide
ḌOK-ṭur — both stops are retroflex, with the tongue tip curled back, even though the word is borrowed from English.
ḍokṭar
English stress preserved inside a nativised shell: the sounds have been converted to retroflexes but the falling rhythm has not changed. A long closed syllable, then a schwa plus a tap.
Listen: डॉक्टर
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डॉक्टर सुबह मरीज़ों को देखते हैं।
Ḍokṭar subah mareezoṁ ko dekhte haiṁ.
The doctor sees patients in the morning.
Listen: डॉक्टर सुबह मरीज़ों को देखते हैं।
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"Ḍokṭar subah mareezoṁ ko dekhte haiṁ" uses the honorific plural dekhte haiṁ for the doctor, and mareezoṁ has a nuqta ज़ inside a nasalized oblique plural. Subah's final h fades to almost nothing in speech.
The temptation is simply to say the English word, which supplies two alveolar stops and an aspirated k. Hindi has made both t-type consonants retroflex, and that is what identifies the word as Hindi rather than as English inserted into a Hindi sentence.